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Delhi

Chemistry

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Published in: Chemistry
865 Views

Solids

Amiya B / Bhubaneswar

1 year of teaching experience

Qualification: MSc

Teaches: Biology, Chemistry, Computer Science, C / C++, Python Programming

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  1. Matter exists primarily in 3 states Solid Liquid Gas Solid and liquid states, known collectively constituent particles In the gas state, constituent particles In condensed states, Whether a substance is a solid, liquid or gas at a given temprature condensed states (atoms or molecules) are separated by large distances do not interact with each other much are close together exert moderate to strong attractive forces on one another depends on the structure of particles that compose the substance Properties of matter are determined by properties of molecules and atoms Climbing Geckos Liquids, Solids Thermal Energy Gecko shown here can run up a polished glass window in seconds or even walk across a ceiling It can support its entire weight by a single toe in contact with a surface. How? Due to intermolecular forces that line its toes setae Key to gecko's sticky feet lies in the millions of microhairs, called branches out to end in several hundred flattened tips called Each seta is between 30 and 130 um long This unique structure allows the gecko's toes to have unusually close contact with the surfaces it climbs The close contact allows intermolecular forces - which are significant only at short distances - to hold gecko to the wall Energy associated with the temprature of an object Thermal energy is actually a type of kinetic energy because it arises from the motions of atoms or molecules withing a substance The state of a sample of matter-solid, liquid or gas- depends on the magnitude of intermolecular forces between the constituent particles relative to the amount of thermal spatulae energy in the sample. Thermal energy high relative to intermolecular forces Thermal energy low relative to intermolecular forces Differ between liquids and solids matter tends to be gaseous matter tends to be liquid or solid Liquid Freedom of movement of the constitutent molecules or atoms Solids Crystalline Crystalline and amorphous solid Amorphous Even though atoms or molecules are in close contact, thermal energy partially overcomes the attractions between them, allowing them to move around one another. are vitually locked in their positions Atoms or molecules in a solid only vibrating back and forth aobut a fixed point atoms or molecules that compose them are arranged in a well-order 3D array atoms or molecules that compose them have no long-range order We can transfrom one state of matter to another by changing the temperature, pressure Changes between states or both

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