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Notes On Ether

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Published in: Chemistry
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Introduction of ether

Shaikh A / Aurangabad

2 years of teaching experience

Qualification: M.Sc (Maulana Azad College of Arts, Science and Commerce (MACASC), Aurangabad - 2018)

Teaches: Biology, Chemistry, Science

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  1. ETHER The substitution of hydrogen in a hydrocarbon by an alkoxy or aryloxy (R-O or Ar-O) gives ether. EX: H c o
  2. Types of ether 1) If both the side of oxygen same alkyl group is present is called simple ether or symmetrical ether. CH3-O-CH3 2) Two different groups present either side of oxygen is called mixed or Unsymmetrical ether. CH3-O-C2H5
  3. Nomenclature of Ether: In IUPAC nomenclature ether are named as alkoxyalkanes. The larger alkyl group is considered as parent alkane. The name of smaller alkane is prefixed by the name of alkoxy group. CH3 -O- CHE CH3 - O - CH2CH3 C6H5 -O - CH3 Methoxymethane Methoxyethane Methoxybenzen
  4. Preparation of Ether: 1. Dehydration of alcohol: When alcohol heated with dehydrating agent it produces ether. Dehydrating agent mean water removal group. Dehydrating agent like H2S04 and H3P04. H2S04 2C2H50H -H20 C2H5 o C2H5
  5. Williamson Synthesis: In this reaction alkyl halide treated with sodium alkoxide or sodium phenoxide to dialkyl ether or alkyl aryl ether. R -X + Na-O-R R-X + Na-O-Ar R-O-R + Nax R-O-Ar + Nax This reaction follows SN2 reaction mechanism Aryl halide does not give Williamson synthesis
  6. Reaction of Ether: 1) cleavage of C-O bond: Ethers are the less reactive of the functional group the cleavage C-O) bond in ether takes place under drastic condition with excess of hydrogen halide R-O-R + I-IX R-OH+HX RX + R-OH RX+H20
  7. 2) Electrophilic substitution: a) Halogenation: Phenyl alkyl ether undergoes usual halogenation in the benzene ring. Anisole undergoes bromination in presence of ethanoic acid. Anisole p-Bromoanisole (Major) Cb-13 o-Bromoanisole (Minor)
  8. N/A

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